Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases nowadays. It doesn'tchoose its victims. Men and women alike, old and young die ofcancer. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that affects themesothelium, specifically the Pleura (membrane that surroundsthe lungs) and the Peritoneum (membrane surrounding theabdomen). Both Pleural Mesothelioma and Peritoneum Mesotheliomaare primarily caused by the inhalation or exposure to asbestos,an incombustible fibrous mineral of impure magnesium silicateused in various industrial products. About 30 to 50 per cent ofthe total Mesothelioma cancer patients had not been exposed toasbestos, yet they have acquired the disease. Cancer specialistscontinue to study this rare kind of cancer so as to provide thepublic clear and exact information with regard to its cause,nature and cure.
Like many other forms of cancer, Mesothelioma has differentstages. The earliest stage is still curable since only one layerof the pleura is affected. Surgery is the number one option forpatients with Stage I Mesothelioma. The doctor removes the partof the lining of the lungs or chest (in case of PleuralMesothelioma) and the lining of the abdomen (in case ofPeritoneal Mesothelioma). In Stage II Mesothelioma, surgery canstill be executed although some lymph nodes may have alreadybeen infected by the malignant Mesothelioma cancer cells. Thediaphragm may also be removed; in severe cases, the Mesotheliomapatient has to sacrifice one of his lungs.
Usually, surgery comes with systemic treatments, which includeradiotherapy and chemotherapy. Through radiotherapy,Mesothelioma cancer cells are killed; however, only the cells inthe treated area die. High energy rays used in radiotherapy orradiation therapy may either come from an external machine orfrom thin plastic tubes positioned into the tissues whereMesothelioma cancer-stricken cells are found. Inside the plastictubes are radiation-emitting materials that kill the malignantcells. The use of an external machine is called externalradiation therapy while the other is called internal radiationtherapy. Also, a radioactive substance such as radiolabeledmonoclonal antibody is circulated around the body duringradiotherapy.
Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer drugs to kill themalignant cells. In treating Mesothelioma, the anti-cancer drugsare usually given to the patient through intravenous injection(within the vein). Oncologists are still studying thepossibility of treating Mesothelioma through intracavitarychemotherapy (within the chest or abdomen). Some Mesotheliomapatients also undergo Photodynamic therapy, a kind of cancertherapy that combines the use of drug (photosensitizer) with aspecific kind of light. The photosensitizing agent when exposedto the light produce oxygen that destroys nearby malignantcancer cells. The drug is injected into the bloodstream and isabsorbed by the cells.
In order to relieve the symptoms of Mesothelioma such as thepain in the chest or abdomen due to the build up of fluid, aphysician drains the fluid by using a needle. The procedure isknown as thoracentesis (removal of fluid in the chest) orparacentesis (removal of the fluid in the abdomen). To preventfurther accumulation of the lubricating fluid in the membranesof the chest or abdomen, drugs are given through a tube in theaffected organ.
Although the said treatments to Mesothelioma have been proveneffective, chance of recovery and survival still depends on thesize or extent of the cancer. Chances are higher whenMesothelioma is still in its early stages. Surgery is onlyadvisable only up to the second stage of the Mesothelioma cancerwherein only one part or smaller portions of the membranes areaffected. A patient diagnosed with stage IV Mesothelioma(diffuse Mesothelioma) has only about 4-24 months to live.Furthermore, the age of the patient and his general healthcondition is also crucial to his recovery. Older patients do notrespond well to certain cancer treatments such as surgerybecause their tissues, organs and other body parts are moredelicate.
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